Tradegy Essay Example For Students

Tradegy Essay As Aristotle says, Tragedy is an imitation not of human beings but of action, life, happiness, and unhappiness. Very few of the great tragedies could possibly be based in reality. For instance, how likely is it that a great king once discovered that he killed his father and married his mother in real life. The purpose of this tragedy is to show the downfall of a great leader. This includes action, life, happiness, and unhappiness just as Aristotle says. Who would want to read something about a person that bad things happen to if the reader does not understand why it happens and the reason for the reaction?Another example would be Antigone. It was not written to watch a woman bury her brother and have everyone around her die. The purpose is to gain insight on the human way of life. The story tells of duty and honor, not of death and politics. We are made to care about not necessarily Antigone herself, but her cause. That is what makes a great tragedy. We will write a custom essay on Tradegy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Category: Law

Biotechnology and genetic engineering Essays

Biotechnology and genetic engineering Essays Biotechnology and genetic engineering Paper Biotechnology and genetic engineering Paper 1 Biotechnology and genetic engineering of both plants and animals raise a lot of issues from concerned groups such as the Green Peace and Friends of the Earth environmental activists. Biotechnology is â€Å"defined as the application of scientific and engineering principles to manipulate life forms to provide desirable products for human use (Lewis 70) This definition is applicable to the proponents but to those who oppose, they consider this process as the cause of the destruction of nature. 2. aBiotechnology involves processes of manipulating and modifying the genes of an organism to suit the desired structure of the genes such as greater yield quality, tastier character, immune resistance to pests and weeds and a lot of other qualities that may be useful for humans. This is not entirely different from selective breeding that improves the breeds of an organism but the latter is more of a natural process and does not involve very advance modification processs. Another difference is the time needed in completing the process. Selctiive breeding involves programs to choose the traits to be improved while the genetically modified or genetically engineered organisms are, as the names suggest, forcedly modified and engineered in their genes. â€Å"Scientists at Beltsville, Maryland, created a boar by injecting cattle genes into fertilized embryos of a pig and implanting the embryos in the womb of a surrogate cow(Krimsky, 1991, p. 55) is an example of modifying the genes. This is not possible in selective breeding because a cow cannot actually give birth to a pig naturally. 2. b The good side and potential advantages of biotechnology is that it causes the genetically engineered food crops to yield more which is beneficial to farmers and to the world that needs food. It also makes the food to taste better and fortified with induced vitamins and nutrients in it, while causing the crops to have resistance to pests and weeds reducing the use of expensive and environmentally harsh chemicals. 2c On the side of those environment activists and ethically concerned groups, they argue that biotechnology causes a lot of troubles in the long-run and even in the present. The case of seed patenting letting farmers suffer is one among these many issues. Another is on the possibility of causing immunities to weeds and pests in the long run and they would not be able to be eliminated due to these immunities caused by chemicals that are paired with genetically engineered crops. Another issue is on the loss of diversity in the environment, genetic erosion, environment problems that may be caused by genetic engineered cropping in the future such as soil erosion and many more. Reference Krimsky, S. (1991). Biotechnics Society: The Rise of Industrial Genetics. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Lewis, N. (2006) Pursuing Biotechnology: Opportunities Abound for Innovative Entrepreneurs in This Multibillion-Dollar Industry. Black Enterprise. Questia. 31 May 2008 questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5016671750.

Japanese Immigrant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Japanese Immigrant - Essay Example As per the Census 2000, the Japanese Americans comprise for 7.77% of the Asian-American population and 0.28% of the US population. Like other ethnic minorities, the Japanese too had to struggle to establish themselves in the United States economically, educationally, socially, religiously and politically. This paper will discuss the patterns of Japanese immigration, the developments, the history and the changes that took place over the years. It will also discuss the reasons for Japanese immigration to America and their initial experience. Among the first to arrive from Japan in 1869 were the settlers with The Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Farm Colony, according to the Brown Foundation Journal (2000). They carried with them mulberry trees, silk cocoons, tea plants, and bamboo roots. COHORTS (1999), a publication of the Stanford Geriatric Education Center, describes that thousands of young Japanese male laborers came from Hawaii and Japan in 1885 to work on railroads, to pick fruit and vegetables for canneries, or to work in industries such as logging, mining, and meatpacking. ParkNet (2004) further clarifies that the first group arrived under the leadership of John Schnell. Initially, a group of Japanese were picked up from the streets of Yokohama and shipped to Hawaii. These were found to be unsatisfactory after which they developed systematic recruitment process. Based on the Census 1870, ParkNet quotes that out of 55 Japanese in the United States, 33 were in California and 22 in Gold Hill. The 1880 Census showed 148 Japan ese in the United States including 48 in California. According to ParkNet these could have been either students or those who had left Japan illegally as the laborers were not allowed to leave their country until after 1884. In 1884, the Japanese government and the Hawaiian sugar plantations signed an agreement to allow labor migration. In 1890, 2038 Japanese resided in the United States out of which 1114 lived in California. ThinkQuest, an

Advertising Campaing for Natural Viagra Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising Campaing for Natural Viagra - Essay Example As the study highlights NaV (to be pronounced as ‘Navy’) is the product of a unique formula combining the efforts of doctors and experts in the field of pant sciences. Formulation of a new concentrate from the rarely gifted plants and fruits of the nature is now outstanding with its ability to cure the problems like lack of erection and disability to attain the confident size. Unlike other products of the similar kind, ‘Natural Viagra’ poses no threat of a cardiac arrest. Our enterprise has a favorite note for Australian culture which arranges for the free sex as well as sexuality oriented sports. The magnitude of the industry is much intense in Australia when compared to other countries in the world. Majority of the studies revealed the fear of performance failure caused men to withdraw from sex during their age post 60s. It is therefore noticed that Australia is a wide market for launching this product. Industries are now focusing on the introduction of ne w brands of products in the enhancement lines with a view to target the consumers deprived of sex. As a result of the legal advantages, there is a substantial rise in the production and consumption of such drugs in the recent years with a tendency to continue the growth over the next few decades in Australia. NaV must be considered the best choice for introduction in Australia as the country hosts a cultural mix from various parts of the world population which makes the most of the sales. As far as the competitors are concerned, Australian markets are the safe haven for them. Immediate competitors are the distributers of Viagra ® but other locally branded products may also pose considerable amount of contest. This paper outlines that most of them attract men with catchy taglines and attractive strategies of guarantees of money return on dissatisfaction. They substantiate the growth of sales volume through visual and print media advertisements apart from sales-counter counseling to customers. Recently, they started alerting the targets with pop-ups in their web pages through search engines and socialize websites. Consumer psychology related to the use of these drugs is a matter of socially biased views. Most of the customers are old-aged individuals who do not want to identify themselves as a favorite of their sexual urges. A majority of them conceal their feelings owing to the expectations of their reputation in the society. On most occasions, they fail to make the purchase themselves and want the distributors to provide them personalized sales of it. Since the product has the implications of social identity, majority of the customers want the marketplace to be changed from open sales cou nters to reliably privatized modes of distribution. II The target market for NaV has been fixed as men of the age group between 55 and 75 who have sustainable enthusiasm to enjoy sex. Since most of them are expected to bear the threat of pulmonary and pancreatic issues, this product guarantees absolute safety against diabetes and cardiac disorders.

EU law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EU law - Essay Example This brief analysis will work to give counsel to the two women, Ame and Bridget, which are presented in the given case assignment as well as provide them with the legal knowledge and constraints that pertain to their individual cases under domestic and European Commission jurisdictions. Likewise, the analysis will attempt to call out specific portions of the European Commission Directive that aptly apply to their given discrimination complaints. Far from being equal, both cases present us with unique constraints and drawbacks which will be elaborated upon and inference/parallels will be drawn to similar cases that have proceeded these and defined a type of precedent for such actions in the not so distant past. Case 1: Ame’s Claim of Age-Discrimination at the State Health Service of Waltaria With respect to discrimination based upon age, 2000/78/EC article 11 is very specific: â€Å"Discrimination based on religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation may undermine the achievement of the objectives of the EC Treaty, in particular the attainment of a high level of employment and social protection, raising the standard of living and the quality of life, economic and social cohesion and solidarity, and the free movement of persons† (emphasis provided) (EC 2000/78). As such, the law specifically speaks to the fact that Ame could not justifiably or legally been terminated based upon her age alone. However, there are two complicating factors to this interpretation which will be discussed at greater length; however, it is worth repeating that based upon the information Ame has provided , there is grounds for a court case with respect to this particular termination. Firstly, one must be aware of what lengths the defendant will be likely to go to in order to defend the legality and rightfulness of their action. This is not to discourage Ame from seeking legal action on this matter; instead, it is to make her aware that the defendant will likely attempt to invoke article 25 of 2000/78/EC which states: â€Å"The prohibition of age discrimination is an essential part of meeting the aims set out in the Employment Guidelines and encouraging diversity in the workforce. However, differences in treatment in connection with age may be justified under certain circumstances and therefore require specific provisions which may vary in accordance with the situation in Member States. It is therefore essential to distinguish between differences in treatment which are justified, in particular by legitimate employment policy, labour market and vocational training objectives, and discrimination which must be prohibited† (EC 2000/78). To what degree the defense will attempt to invoke this and to what level they have supporting documentation that shows this was their actual goal is of course unknown; however, Ame should be aware that this is a likely tactic. Secondly, due to the lack of material evidence (Ame only has overheard a discus sion by certain elements in management. Her particular case is without strong and relevant proof (i.e. a number of other employees terminated at the same time and of the same demographic group) she will have difficulty providing a solid case within the court system. Although it is clear from her letter that

Novel Elliptic-function Low-pass Filter (LPF)

Novel Elliptic-function Low-pass Filter (LPF) Performance of microstrip low pass filter with stub loaded Electromagnetic Band Gap ground plane Mariselvam V, Raju S Abstract A novel elliptic-function low-pass filter (LPF) is Presented, which consists of a Electromagnetic band gap on the ground plane. The Electromagnetic band gap provides the required wideband attenuation in stop band, while the slot provides steep transition from pass band to stop band. A 5.4 GHz five-pole LPF is developed and experimental results show that it has a sharp cutoff frequency response. The measured pass band insertion-loss is below 0.4 dB, and the rejection band over 15 dB is from 5.425 GHz to 8.25 GHz, Which increases from 2.95 GHz.      Keywords:  Defected ground structure (DGS), elliptic-function filter, low-pass filter (LPF). 1. INTRODUCTION Recently, defected ground structure (DGS) has become one of the most interesting areas of research in microwave and millimeter wave Applications [1]. It could be widely used in microwave circuit design such as power divider, power amplifier and especially in filter design [1–9]. Low pass filters (LPF) design require that both in-band and out-band performances should be: low loss, high selectivity, high rejection, and wide spurious free frequency ranges. Many novel types of microstrip filters have been proposed and designed. Periodic or non-periodic DGS are realized by etching a slot in the backside metallic ground plane. The etched slot disturbs effectively the current distribution in the ground plane of microstrip line and the results in resonant characteristics [2, 3]. IT is well known that typical properties of low-pass filters (LPFs) can be obtained by adding periodic structures to transmission lines. The representative periodic structures for planar transmission lines and/or microwave circuits are photonic band gap (PBG) and defected ground structure (DGS) [4, 5]. The PBG has been known as a popular periodic structure for planar transmission lines. However, drawbacks of PBGs have been also discussed as follows. 1) A large area is needed because a number of periodic patterns should be adopted. 2) It is obscure to define the unit element, and difficult to extract the equivalent-circuit elements for the PBG unit element. 3) Therefore, it is very restricted to extend its practical application to microwave circuits. To the contrary, one can easily define the unit element of the DGS and model the equivalent circuit. In addition, since only a few DGS elements show the typical properties of periodic structures, the resultant circuit size becomes relatively small. Furthermore, the structure of the DGS is simple and it is easy to design the DGS pattern. For these reasons, since [4] has introduced the structure and called it a DGS for the first time, the DGS has been extensively applied to design microwave circuits such as filters, power dividers, couplers, amplifiers, oscillators, and so on [1], [6]–[12]. There is much previous research about the characteristics of LPFs having periodic structures on microstrip or Coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines [13]–[16] However most of them are not analytical because they mainly depend on electromagnetic (EM) simulations to design LPFs and predict circuit performances. To the contrary, in the design of LPFs using DGSs including this study, all design steps are based on theories and reasonable explanations as follows. The equivalent-circuit elements of the DGS is extracted and used for replacing the series inductances in the LPF Prototype circuit. The LPF is composed of the extracted equivalent lumped Elements, thus, it is an ideal LPF, is designed, and is compared to the realized LPF using the DGS practically. Two methods to design a three-pole LPF using the DGS has been proposed in [1] and [6]. In these papers, the sizes of two DGS patterns in the LPF were exactly the same because two inductances in the three-pole â€Å"L1 (series) C2 (shunt) L3 (series)† prototype LPF are identical. In [6], discontinuity elements such as tee- or cross-junctions were adopted to connect open stubs to realize the shunt capacitance. However, in the three-pole LPF proposed in [1], there are no junction elements, thin transmission lines for high impedance, or open stubs. In addition, the width of the transmission-line elements in the LPF has been remarkably broadened. Thus, advantages such as compact design and error-robust realization fabricating the layout have been obtained. However, in order to design -stage LPFs using the DGS, e.g., a five-stage like â€Å"L1 (series) C2 (shunt) L3 (series) C4 (shunt) L5 (series),† two different dimensions of the DGS have to be adopted because L3 is no t equal to L1=L5, although. In order to select the proper dimension of the DGS for L3 careful consideration based on filter theories, extracted equivalent- circuit elements of various DGS dimensions, and some related topics of transmission lines should be taken. The size of the DGS for L3 is determined by accurate curve-fitting results for equivalent-circuit elements to correspond exactly to the required inductance. In addition, the length of transmission-line elements between DGS patterns is determined through the consideration for the equivalent capacitance and additional parasitic inductance, as well as the required shunt capacitances in the prototype LPF. Therefore, a design of a five-pole DGS-LPF requires many more complex steps than the previous three-pole DGS-LPF shown in [1] and [6]. Thus, the goal of this paper is to propose a new technique to design an -pole LPF having (â€Å"DGS-LPF†), and to generalize the previous design method for N>5 using different sizes of DG S patterns. For this purpose, modeling for the equivalent circuit of the DGS, a curve fitting for determining the required different sizes of the Fig.1 Top view of the Microstrip line with a DGS pattern and its dimensions in mm Fig.1a. Bottom view of the Microstrip line with a DGS pattern and its dimensions in mm DGS that reflects the inductance values in the prototype LPF and a practical design example will be successively discussed. In order to show the validity of the proposed method, a five pole DGS-LPF, as an example, is designed and measured in this paper. The five-pole DGS-LPF has a much wider microstrip line than conventional microstrip LPFs, and does not include high-impedance lines, which have been essentially required in conventional design. The series inductances in the prototype LPF are realized by DGSs, while the shunt capacitances are realized by the widely compensated transmission line. Therefore, no discontinuity elements such as tee- or cross-junction for connecting open stubs are required because there are no stubs in the DGS-LPF. 2. DGS PATTERN AND MODELING FOR THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT Fig. 1and 1a shows a microstrip line having a dumb-bell DGS and its -parameters from an EM simulation. Two elliptical defected areas and one connecting slot correspond to the equivalently added inductance (L) and capacitance(C), respectively. Accordingly, a resonance occurs at a certain frequency because of the parallel L–C circuit. Inversely, it is intuitively known that the equivalent circuit includes a pair of parallel inductor– capacitor from the resonant phenomenon in the -parameter. This means the microstrip line having the DGS does not have all-pass characteristics, but restricted pass band properties. Fig.2. Equivalent circuit of the microstrip line with unit DGS using ADS In addition, slow-wave characteristics are observed due to the added– components of the DGS [3], [5], [9]. The defected areas can be realized by not only ellipse, but also other geometries such as triangle, circle, hexagon, octagon, spiral, and so on. It is very clear that the resonant frequency (wo) of the DGS and 3-dB cutoff frequency (wc 3dB) exist as shown in Fig. 1.The equivalent – circuit of the DGS can be extracted because this kind of electrical characteristic is observed from a typical L –C parallel resonant circuit. The equivalent circuit of the DGS and one-pole Butterworth prototype of the LPF are presented the DGS in Fig. 2. The equivalent L– C elements are calculated by (1–3) because two reactance values of Fig. 2(a) must be equal at wc 3dB as follows XLc= (1) XL = ωZo g1 (2) XLc | ω= ωc, (3) Where w'(=1), g1 (=2) and Zo (=50ÃŽ ©) are the normalized 3-dB cutoff frequency, element value of one-pole Butterworth prototype LPF, and port impedance, respectively, and wo = (1/√ Lk1Ck1). The calculated L2and c2 of the DGS shown in Fig. 2 are 3.2 nH and 0.8194 pF, respectively. Fig. 3 shows an excellent agreement between the previous -parameters shown in Fig. 1 and the new ones calculated using Lk1and ck1. Advanced Design System (ADS), a circuit simulator from Agilent Technologies, has been used for the calculation. This agreement means that the modeling technique is valid in extracting the equivalent-circuit elements. It should be noted that this is one of the great advantages of DGS because it is possible to define the unit element of the DGS and to establish the equivalent circuit of it, while the conventional Planar transmission lines with a periodic structure such as a PBG have difficulty in defining the unit element and to extract the modeled circuit element. 2.1 DESIGN OF THE FIVE POLE LOWPASS FILTER A. Prototype LPF and Adoption of DGS The method to design a five-pole LPF using the DGS is discussed here. Fig. 3 depicts the prototype circuit of a five-pole LPF. Here gi (i=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), represent the normalized element values of a Chebyshev prototype LPF for the given ripple [17]. According to the design theory of filters, in order to transform the prototype LPF to the LPF composed of lumped elements, the values of L1,C2,L3,C4 and L5can be determined owing to the impedance and Fig.3. Five-pole Chebyshev prototype LPF with Elliptic DGS Fig.3a. Equality of a series inductor to an LC parallel circuit frequency scaling rules expressed in (4)–(6). Here, ωc means the Cutoff frequency of the LPF L1 = = = L4 (4) L3 = (5) C2 = = C4 (6) Fig.4. Performance of the designed five pole LPF using ADS Fig.5. Performance of the designed five pole LPF using CST 2.2 PERFORMANCE OF THE DESIGNED DGS-LPF FIG. 6 shows the measured S-parameters of the designed DGS-LPF, as compared with the theoretical performance (circuit simulation) and the EM simulation by CST-MWS. As shown, the measurement result agrees with the EM simulation very well. The designed elliptical function DGS-LPF exhibits a much shaper transition knee than the Chebyshev one reported in [5]. Its transition bandwidth from 1 to 20 dB attenuation is only 0.45 GHz. The measured pass band insertion loss is less than 0.3 dB. The stop bandwidth corresponding to 15dB rejection is from 2.95 to 8.25 GHz. The total length of the designed DGS-LPF is 17 mm, and compared with the LPF reported in [5], it is reduced about 40.88% and compared with the LPF reported in [6] it is reduced about 14.66%. Fig.6. Measured result of the designed five pole LPF using Agilent Network analyzer N5230A 3. PERFORMANCE OF THE PROPOSED DGS LOWPASS FILTER Fig.7. Top view of the Microstrip line and its dimensions in mm Fig.7a. Bottom view of the Microstrip line and its dimensions in mm The proposed five-pole DGS-LPF has a much wider microstrip line than conventional microstrip LPFs, and does not include high-impedance lines, which have been essentially required in conventional design. The series inductances in the prototype LPF are realized by DGSs, while the shunt capacitances are realized by the widely compensated transmission line. A stub like elements which gives a inductance effect is introduced in the proposed DGS-LPF. DGS combined with microstrip line causes a resonant character of the structure transmission with a resonant frequency controllable by changing the shape and size of the slot. There is a huge evolution in terms of defected shapes: dumbbell, periodic, fractal, circular, spiral, and L shaped [12–14]. In this paper, a novel elliptic shape DGS is proposed for the LPF design. The use of elliptic shape DGS will be shown to give sharp cut off frequency response as well as a good performance in the pass band. The analysis of the dimension parameters with different dimension parameters was demonstrated as a design guide. The equivalent circuit (EC) has been extracted to characterize the proposed low-pass filter. The equivalent circuit model agrees with the field simulation results. The theoretical and measured results are presented with good agreement for LPF. The total length of the designed DGS-LPF is 15 mm, and compared with the LPF reported in [5], it is reduced about 60% and compar ed with the LPF reported in [6] it is reduced about 29%, the pass band increases up to 5.425 GHz from 2.95 GHz and the stop bandwidth corresponding to 15dB rejection is from 5.425 GHz which is suitable for WLAN application Fig.8. Comparison Performance of the designed five pole LPF Fig.9. Equivalent circuit of the microstrip line with unit DGS using ADS Fig.10. Measured result of the proposed five pole LPF using Agilent Network analyzer N5230A Tab 1: Performance of the five pole LPF using CST Tab 2: Dimensions of the proposed DGS designs Tab3. Prototype elements of the five pole elliptic function LPF Fig.11. Top view of the prototype Fig.11a. Bottom view of the prototype 4. CONCLUSION This letter has presented a new LPF to obtain elliptic-function response using Dumbbell shaped DGS. The designed LPF exhibits sharp cutoff frequency response, low insertion loss, and excellent stop band performance. The proposed design procedure can be extended to arbitrary -stage LPF. In addition, its physical structure is only composed of defect and microstrip line, so it is easy to fabricate. Since this design is simple, analytical, and does not require any optimization process, this kind of equivalent circuit model of DGS and its design technology may be further applied to various microwave circuits such as low-noise amplifiers, diplexers, mixers, and so on. References SERGIO PALMA PACHECO, JIANEI WANG, JONG- GWAN YOOK, AND LINDA P. B. KATEHI, â€Å" Micromachined Filters on Synthesized Substrates Rhonda Franklin Drayton,† IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech, 2001, Vol. 49, No. 2. SYSTEMS PIERRE BLONDY, ANDREW R. BROWN, â€Å"Low-Loss Micro machined Filters for Millimeter-Wave Communication†,1998 IEEE vol.38, pp 22-23. C. Y. CHI AND G. M. REBEIZ â€Å"Conductor loss limited stripline resonator and filters,† IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1996, vol. 44, pp.626–629. S. V. ROBERTSON, L. P. B. KATEHI, AND G. M. REBEIZ, â€Å"Micromachined self-packaged W-Band bandpass filters,† in IEEE MTT-S Symp. Dig., 1995, pp. 1543–1546. J. S. LIM, C. S. KIM, D. AHN, Y. C. JEONG, AND S. NAM, â€Å" Design of low-pass filters using defected ground structure,† IEEE Trans. Microw.Theory Tech., 2005, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 2539–2545. JINPING YANG AND WEN WU â€Å"Compact Elliptic-Function Low-Pass Filter Using Defected Ground Structure† IEEE Microwave and Wireless components letters, 2008, Vol. 18, No. 9. GAËTAN PRIGENT, ERIC RIUS, FRANÇOIS LE PENNEC, SANDRICK LE MAGUER, CÉDRIC QUENDO, GONZAGUE SIX, AND HENRI HAPPY, â€Å"Design of Narrow-Band DBR Planar Filters in Si–BCB Technology For Millimeter-Wave Applications † 2009 IEEE xplor.Vol.13. R. F. DRAYTON, S. PACHECO, J.-G. YOOK, AND L. KATEHI, â€Å"Micromachined filters on synthesized substrates,† in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., 1998, pp. 1185–1188. S. DEEPAK RAM PRASATH, A. THENMOZHI, P. SRINIVASABHARATHWAJ, S.RAJU, AND V.ABHAIKUMAR â€Å"A Novel Miniaturized Filter on Micromachined Multilayered Substrates† IETE 2008, Vol.54, No.2. RHONDA FRANKLIN DRAYTON, SERGIO PALMA PACHECO, JIANEI WANG, JONG-GWAN YOOK, , AND LINDA P. B. KATEHI â€Å" Micro machined Filters on Synthesized Substrates†, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,2001, vol.49, no. 2. S.RIKI BANERJEE AND RHONDA FRANKLIN DRAYTON, â€Å" Circuit Models for Constant Impedance Micro machined Lines on Dielectric Transitions†, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,2004, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 105-111. B.F. ZONG, G. M. WANG, H. Y. ZENG, Y. W. WANG. â€Å"Compact and High Performance Dual-band Bandpass Filter using Resonator-embedded Scheme for WLANs† RADIOENGINEERING, 2012, VOL. 21, NO. 4. K.ANNARAM, SURESH NITHYA. â€Å"Investigation of Compact Low Pass Filter with Sharp Cut–Off using Metamaterial† RADIOENGINEERING, 2013, VOL. 22, NO. 3. PIERRE BLONDY, ANDREW R. BROWN, DOMINIQUE CROS AND GABRIEL M.REBEIZ, â€Å"Low-Loss Micro machined Filters for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems†, 1998. JIA-SHENG HONG AND M.J.LANCASTER, â€Å" Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications †, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2001 About Authors Mariselvam VENKAT Obtained his BE degree from PTR College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai and ME from Thiagarajar college of Engineering Anna university Chennai in 2010 respectively. He is now pursuing PhD in the Electronics and Communication Engineering department, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai., India. His area of interests includes microwave and millimeter wave circuits. [emailprotected] Raju SRINIVASAN Obtained her BE degree from the PSG college of technology university of madras ,India and M.tech degree from NIT Trichy ,India 1982 and 1984 respectively she received her PhD from Madurai Kamarajar University, Madurai in 1996 .She is now working as a professor and head of the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Thiagarajar college of Engineering Madurai, India her areas of research interest are wireless technologies, RF circuits and systems. [emailprotected].

Analyzing Wilbur’s Orchard Trees, January :: Wilbur Orchard Trees January Essays

Analyzing Wilbur’s Orchard Trees, January By reading one of Richard Wilbur’s poems, one can get extremely confused while trying to find the actual meaning of the poem. Someone could take the easy way out and not try to get deep down into the poem to find the real meaning, or one could investigate the poem and learn what Wilbur is trying to get across to the reader. In "Orchard Trees, January," one could pick up what Wilbur is trying to say if one takes the time to think about it. On some of his poems, though, it is nearly impossible to know what he is talking about. Only the interpretation from Wilbur himself could help one who is completely baffled by one of his poems. Authors often write their poems at the spur of the moment, and the mood that the poet is in reflects the meaning of the poem. Centenary College was lucky enough for Richard Wilbur to come to the school and explicate many of his poems. This helps in dissecting Wilbur’s poems. When reading "Orchard Trees, January," it seems to be talking about how a tree survives the harsh winter until the spring arrives, upon which it appears new and more fresh than ever before. By looking deeper into the poem, there are details that one can pull out of it, which is probably what Wilbur wants to be known. In the poem, it seems that somebody is inside his or her dwelling place looking outside at a tree. The person is marveling at how the tree can withstand the cold weather, continuous snow, and other harsh conditions that the winter brings. Witnessed throughout the days of winter by the person in the window, the tree’s bark stays strong, however the winter snow has been able to penetrate it. The tree becomes frozen, but it is strong enough to live throughout the winter until the spring relieves its suffering. When spring finally arrives, the effects of winter can no longer harm the tree. The freezing stage is gone, and the tree can give forth new life and growth in the springtime. The true meaning of this poem could only be perfectly interpreted by Wilbur, himself. In "Orchard Trees, January," it seems that the interpretation previously given above is correct, although Wilbur may have some different stress points. There probably is an even deeper meaning in this poem that Wilbur could get across, but most of the time it is up to the reader to be able to pick it out and relate it to the poem.

Nationalism After the War of 1812 Essay

After the war of 1812, a surge of nationalism spread everywhere throughout America. Having unofficially won the war without even an official army, the people of America became very proud of themselves and how their great country established such a feat. The nationalism grew until John Marshall, an aggressive Chief Justice, further strengthened and expanded it. He was a devout Federalist appointed by John Adams years before his most famous case of Marbury vs. Madison in 1803. Being a Federalist he was a great rival to Thomas Jefferson. He served until 1835 and was the forth Supreme Court Justice. His only legal schooling was six weeks attending lectures at the College of William and Mary, however when he took the bench in 1801, he changed the Judicial Branch as we know it. In fact, he made the branch the most powerful section of the government at that time. Read more: How do checks and balances guard against tyranny essay His most significant early case was the famous Marbury v. Madison in 1803, which established the right of the court to declare the actions of local, state or federal governments invalid if they violate the Constitution. This process of declaring actions void was called Judicial Review and it made the Court equally as powerful as the legislative and executive branches of government. Another important case was Martin vs. Hunter’s Lessee in 1816. The ruling by Marshall declared that the power of the Supreme Court extended to the State Courts. The court now had the right to directly review other courts decisions. Yet another case, Cohens vs. Virginia strengthened this right and extended the reach of the court all the way to the citizens of the U.S. and states. Marshall’s court became more and more powerful until it got the right to review almost all lower court decisions. The famous Fletcher vs. Peck case ruled (in 1810) that the Supreme Court had the right to void State laws. The details behind the case were as follows: The Georgia legislature had issued extensive land grants in a deal with the Yazoo Land Company. It seemed suspicious so the company was taken to court. A subsequent legislative session repealed the grants because of the  corruption that had accompanied the original grant. The Supreme Court, with Marshall presiding, decided that the original action by the Georgia Assembly had constituted a valid contract, which could not be broken regardless of the corruption. This was the very first time that a State law was voided because it went against the Constitution. Then, after the war of 1812 Marshall issued more decisions that strengthened the federal government and Federalist ideas. In the McCulloch vs. Maryland case, Marshall ruled that the state did not have the right to tax or regulate banks. This also encouraged economic expansion and development. In the Dartmouth vs. Woodward case it was declared that the states had no right to alter or impair contracts unilaterally. It also promoted business development. The last important case was Gibbons vs. Ogden, which further strengthened federal power by ruling that the Constitution had specifically given Congress the power to regulate commerce. Under John Marshall, the Supreme Court gained enough power to surpass the power of the other branches of the government. He also declared many laws and rulings that America still follows and lives under even today. Either way, he changed the Judicial branch forever, especially at that time and the world has never seen a more intelligent man presiding.

Nephrotic syndrome is presented Essays

Nephrotic syndrome is presented Essays Nephrotic syndrome is presented Essay Nephrotic syndrome is presented Essay In this presentation, pathological history of the job topic with Nephrotic syndrome is presented. The attack with regard to the aetiology, diagnosing, intervention and bar of the disease is elaborated. The issues discussed there would be: Using the patient s clinical diagnostic findings as the grounds of the implicit in cause of the disease. Measuring the logical thinking for the upset of the operation. Management of the disease. ( reference side-effects if any and the costs ) Nephrotic syndrome ( NS ) is a aggregation of symptoms as a effect of damaged kidneys.Based upon the clinical, research lab and histological characteristics, the nephrotic syndrome is classified as ague or chronic and Idiopathic/primary nephrotic syndrome-with glomerular disease intrinsic to the kidney or Secondary nephrotic syndrome- associated with assorted extrinsic causes. ( Lane.C.J, Nephrotic syncrome ( 2009 ) eMedicine ; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ) . In grownups the primary causes responsible for nephrotic syndrome are membranous glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.While the secondary NS occurs as manifestations of systemic diseases such as dibetes mellitus, lupus erythematosus, reaping hook cell anaemia, minimal-change disease, HIV, hepatitis B or C, usage of nonstreroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or multiple myeloma. ( Laurie Barclay, Medscape Medical News ©2009Medscape, LLC ) . The clinical characteristics of NS are albuminurias, hypoalbuminemia ( A ; lt ; 2.5g/dL ) , hypercholesteremia, hydrops and hypercoagulability. ( Szu-Chia Chen, et al 2010 ; Mian N. A. Nephrotic syndrome ( 2009 ) Pediatric clinical advisor-Instant Diagnosis and Treatment,2nd edition, Elsevier Inc, Pages 393-395 ) . Regardless of whether the etiology is a primary glomerular disease or a systemic upset, the escape of albumen in the urine reflects a breach of the permselectivity barrier in the kidney and dysregulation of plasma ultrafiltration. ( Ernie L. ( 2009 ) Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome, Genetic Diseases of the Kidney, Elsevier Inc. ) Proteinuria is caused due to the changes in the selective permeableness of glomerular capillary wall, resulted by the underlying glomerular disease ( Donald.E et al ( 2003 ) Nephrology secrets,2nd edition. Hanley and Belfus: USA. Page-64 ) The proteins more likely to be present in piss are albumin and globulin. However, albumin being the smaller si zed protein, its tends to leak out through little pores in the podocytes easy. But these pores are non so big to let cells through ( hence no haematuria ) . Due to which the patient may endure from hydropsy, as albumin maps in retaining the fluid in the blood by soaking up fluids from organic structure tissues. Some patients show no symptoms of nephrotic syndrome until albuminuria is dignosed. However, in instance of hydrops, the organic structure tends to demo outstanding puffinesss, most normally arround mortise joints and pess, due to the high intravascular hrydrostatic force per unit area. Although hypoalbuminemia is the chief feature of nephrotic syndrome ( NS ) , there are many patients with high albuminurias that do non develop hypoalbuminemia ( Praga M et Al ( 1991 ) Nephrotic albuminuria without hypoalbuminemia: clinical features and response to angiotensin-converting enzyme suppression, Am J Kidney Dis, Spain 17 ( 3 ) :330-8. ) While hypercholesteremia is due to alter in t he balance of assorted protein degrees in blood due to protein escape. The symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome involve swelling in the tissues around the eyes or in the pess or mortise joints, high degrees of lipoids, high blood force per unit area and susceptibleness to infections. The albumen count in blood falls below the normal scope ( 35g/L-50g/L ) while the urine albumen count raises from the normal rate ( A ; lt ; 150mg/L ) , largely greater than 3.5g/d. ( Medical Education Institute.Inc, Madison ( 2010 ) ) Case survey Brian is 52year old and a instructor by profession, had been unwell for several months.He complained of being highly fatigued, he frequently woke up at dark to urinate and had swollen ankles.On proving blood and urine samples, the GP revealed that Brian sufferd from nephrotic syndrome.This was farther verified by a nephritic biopsy. The studies from the staining processs on the glomeruli stated thickener of the glomerular cellar walls ( fig 1 ) , sclerosed glomeruli and formation of spikes like construction along the cellar membrane ( fig 2 ) . The H A ; E discolorations and the Ag discoloration highlighted the basophilic-eosinophilic constructions and the proteinaceous glomerular cellar membranes in black severally. ( Hauber.P.H et al ( 2009 ) Pas staining of bronchoalveolar lavage cells for differential diagnosing of interstital lung disease, Diagnostic pathology,4:13 ) .

buy custom A New Graduate Tax essay

buy custom A New Graduate Tax essay The study is generally a study on what the people in Scotland think about the issue of the introduction of a new graduate tax to assist in student fees. It is currently free for a Scottish national to go to university and all the costs are provided for by the taxpayer. This tax would indeed increase an extra 3% tax for all the graduate in addition to the regular income tax. Therefore the overall outcome of the survey is actually to find out whether people oppose the new tax system or support it. There are also various components from the population that are of interest as far as the support or disapproval of the new tax regulation is concerned. These would include the gender, employment status, previous knowledge of the new tax regulation, speed at which the regulation should be implemented and the feeling of whether the new regulation would allow more students to join university. Others are the benefits of the new tax regulation and lastly the general feeling towards the proposed system in regard to its impact in college funding. From the data we will be able to establish the proportion of males and females that support or oppose the new tax regulation. The most convenient way to have a feel of the varying opinins is through the use of pie charts which will clearly elucidate the difference in opinions on various issues as pertains to the introduction of this new tax regulation. From the excel sheet, figure (1a), we can clearly see that 40% of those interviewed are opposed to the introduction of this new tax. If the sample is representative of the population then it would imply that 40% of the entire population is opposed to this new requirement. We can also see that the trend being uniform in terms of gender which is also 40% on either gender. From table (1), the proportions of those who support the new tax regulations has been analyzed using variations in job status. Those that support the new regulation are the self employed and those employed full-time, both at 66%. Not surprising because they probably dont have many limitations in terms of finance. On the contrary, those that are unemployed together with those who are working part-time have very little support for the new tax regulation, both at a paltry 28%. Financial constraints could be used to explain this characteristic as it would be an extra burden for them. It is worth noting that no student was profiled in the survey as they are currently not eligible to pay taxes. From table(2), we can see that comparing the young and old people, most of the young people are very much opposed to the idea of more tax being levied on them . they feel that they are the ones to bear the full brunt of this new regulation hence only about 29% of the people under the age of 30 years support this new regulation. On the contrary and not surprising at all is that all the people above 30years supported this new regulation. The more older members of the society certainly know the importance of college education and are therefore very supportive of this. Lastly from the bar graph attached, it indicates that most people do not want the new regulations to be introduces. A large percentage also would want the tax regulation introduced after five years. This is to show that there is consensus in terms of people opposed to the introduction of the new regulations. From the survey it is apparent that although many do not wish for the introduction of the new regulations, they are however supportive of the idea that it would be beneficial to the country. Therefore 35% of people think it would benefit the country which is the same proportion of those interviewed who feel that it would not benefit the country. Buy custom A New Graduate Tax essay

VoIP Vs Cell Phone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

VoIP Vs Cell Phone - Research Paper Example Further research is conducted on the impacts of the development of VoIP over the existing telecommunications industry focusing on the mobile and land phone operators. A comparison is also drawn on the parameter of benefit earned over the cost incurred with regards to both cell and VoIP phones. Finally the paper concludes by drawing a summary on the research made by providing fruitful suggestions thereof. Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3-4 Mechanism of working and quality of service†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4-6 The Impacts on business and the society†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6-10 VoIP and smart phon es impacts over cell phone and telecom companies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10-19 Cost and Benefit analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19-20 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20-21 Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...21-22 Introduction Brief History of VoIP The development of VoIP or Voice over Internet Protocol is considered as a major breakthrough in the field of Internet communication technology. ... technological, economical and cultural. Technological history shows that VoIP process first came into existence after the innovation of ‘Internet Phone’ application by Vocaltec Incorporation in Israel during February 1995. Development of the internet phone application helped the users to communicate to each other through the integration of computer, internet and voice modulators. However, to make the VoIP process useful the existence of the ‘Internet Phone Software’ was needed at both ends i.e. the speaker and the receiver. However with the advent of 1998 the development of hardware technology spread the use of VoIP in computer to telephone and telephone-to-telephone networks. VoIP process in the context of modern period has totally revolutionized the field of communication technology in terms of voice clarity and economy of use. This present day notion of VoIP has brought a cultural modification in many companies shifting over to the use of the innovated pr ocess. Development and expanded use of VoIP technology caused many telecom companies to mushroom out to economically cater to their client’s call needs. The telecom market for the dearth of proper administrative regulations became populated with many such small telecom companies competing against each other. Telecom giants like Telco mostly managed these companies. (Hallock, 2004, pp.4-11; VoIP:  Voice Over Internet Protocol Architecture and Features, n.d., pp.14-15). Brief History of Cell phone The history of mobile or cellular technology goes far beyond than what has been recorded for. Use of mobile phones was restricted to the business and governmental societies during the period of the 1970s. Thus the common man had no notion about the cellular technology for being devoid of its access. The

WorldCom Assignment to be Reviewd Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

WorldCom to be Reviewd - Assignment Example The causes and results of the fines that were imposed by the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission), a staggering $750,000,000. In addition to that, understand how could the company announce accounting irregularities amounting to $11,000,000,000 and also their relevant financial reporting that caused such irregularities. To completely paint the picture of the bankruptcy, there is a need to cover practical and academic aspects of organizational structure, the staff (individuals, teams and groups), and the culture that predominated WorldCom and made it possible for the business entity to commit such fraud and deceit. In addition to that above, I want to share some light into the leadership of WorldCom and its role in the eventual demise of it. Was it all a matter of leadership, good or bad, or perhaps that are some underlying reasons that caused the bankruptcy. There are a number of factors that need to be studied in relation to WorldCom. For instance, what is the role of the external auditors of WorldCom in the bankruptcy and fraud. Were they a part of it or they simply ignored wrongdoings and kept things running as they were without intervention. The above discussion has been done based on the secondary data available. However, effort has been put to discuss the same in light of the related theories in academia. Adding to the above discussion, a detailed analysis would be carried out to show the effect of the crisis on its various stakeholders. In Human Resource Management, human beings are assumed as the most significant asset within an organization. The discussion has been provided to provide an insight as how this crisis affected its most significant assets. At the end a conclusion has been inferred from the entire analysis and discussion. The object of this research paper is to come to understand how this business and accounting fraud took place and how the government and other concerned parties missed on this for